- Count View : 39
- آدرس کوتاه شده مقاله: https://bahareadab.com/article_id/2066
- کد IranDOI مقاله: IranDOI :10.irandoi.2002/bahareadab.2026 .19 .8225
volume Number : 19
number In Volume : 7
issue Number : 125
Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 19،
number In Volume 7،
،
issue Number 125
Life Style and Purposiveness of Action of the Heroes of Samnameh and Bahmannameh Based on Alfred Adler’s Theory
Nasrin Fahimi , Fatemeh Riahi (Author in Charge), Mozhdeh Shafiei
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In epic poems, the actions of heroes are not shaped solely by external events but are also linked to their personality structure and inner motivations. The present study seeks to analyze and compare the life style and purposiveness of action of the heroes of Samnameh and Bahmannameh based on Alfred Adler’s theory of individual psychology.
METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted using a qualitative method and text-based content analysis, following a comparative approach between the two poems. The components of Adler’s theory feeling of inferiority, mode of compensation, striving for superiority, and social interest along with the four life style types (ruling, getting, avoiding, and socially useful), were operationalized as specific textual indicators, and the actions and speech of the selected heroes of the two poems were examined and compared with one another based on these indicators.
FINDINGS: In Bahmannameh, the character of Bahman is closest to the ruling type, as his action is shaped mainly around vengeance and the compensation of a feeling of inferiority arising from Esfandiar’s legacy, although traces of a concern for justice can also be seen in him. In contrast, Faramarz and Barzin-Azar, due to the connection of their actions with responsibility and collective interests, are closer to the socially useful type. In Samnameh, Sam’s life style is shaped at the intersection of heroic legacy, the pressure to prove himself, and romantic longing; his action is individualistic and self-affirming, tending toward the ruling type, although traces of the getting type can also be seen in his emotional dimension. In contrast, Jamshid and Nariman are closer to the socially useful pattern.
CONCLUSION: The two poems present two different modes of representing heroism: Bahmannameh rests more on power-oriented compensation and revenge, while Samnameh relies more on individual self-affirmation and social interest. Nevertheless, both poems show that the epic hero, behind his powerful appearance, is a purposeful character whose action is a response to the feeling of inferiority and the striving for superiority.
Keyword
life style
, purposiveness of action
, Samnameh
, Bahmannameh
, Alfred Adler
, hero.
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